As Coronavirus Looms, Many Nursing Homes Fall Short On Infection Prevention随着冠状病毒的逼近，许多疗养院在预防感染方面做得不够Long before the novel coronavirus made its surprise appearance, the nation's nursing homes were struggling to obey basic infection prevention protocols designed to halt the spread of viruses and bacteria.

早在新型冠状病毒出人意料地出现之前，美国的疗养院就在努力遵守基本的预防感染方案，这些方案旨在阻止病毒和细菌的传播。

Since the beginning of 2017.

government health inspectors have cited more nursing homes for failing to ensure that all workers follow those prevention and control rules than for any other type of violation, according to a Kaiser Health News analysis of federal records.

根据凯撒健康新闻对联邦记录的分析，自2017年初以来，政府卫生检查员指出，与其他类型的违规行为相比，更多的养老院未能确保所有员工遵守这些预防和控制规定。

In all, 9.

372 nursing homes, or 61%, were cited for one or more infection-control deficiencies, the analysis showed.

It also found violations were more common at homes with fewer nurses and aides than at facilities with higher staffing levels.

分析显示，共有9372家疗养院(61%)存在一项或多项感染控制缺陷。

报告还发现，违规行为在护士和助手较少的家庭中比在人员配备较多的机构中更为常见。

Even among nursing homes crowned with the maximum government rating of five stars for overall quality, 4 in 10 have been cited for an infection-control lapse.

Those include the Life Care Center of Kirkland, Washington, a Seattle suburb, where five people who had lived at the facility have died.

即便是在政府最高质量评级为五星的养老院中，也有四成的养老院被指存在感染控制失误。

其中包括位于西雅图郊区的华盛顿柯克兰生命护理中心，曾在这里居住的五人已经死亡。

Inspection reports from around the country show many errors are rudimentary, such as workers not washing their hands as they moved to the next patient, or failing to don masks, gloves and gowns when in the rooms of contagious patients in isolation.

来自全国各地的检查报告显示，许多错误都是初步的，比如在接触下一个病人时，工作人员没有洗手，或者在隔离的传染病病人房间里没有戴口罩、手套和长袍。

"It's all these little things that are part of infection-control practices that when they are added up can create an environment for an infection outbreak," said Patricia Hunter, the Washington State Long-Term Care Ombuds, who addresses complaints from residents and families and pushes for improvements in facilities.

所有这些小东西都是感染控制措施的一部分，当它们加在一起时，就能创造一个感染爆发的环境，”华盛顿州长期护理组织Ombuds的帕特里夏·亨特说。

她负责处理居民和家庭的投诉，并推动设施的改善。

In recent years, the federal government has been ramping up the standards for nursing homes, but inspectors remain frustrated by the prevalence of sloppy or nonexistent hand-washing.

"We have got to do better on hand-washing," Evan Shulman, the director for the nursing home division of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, told an association of nursing home directors in 2018.

近年来，联邦政府一直在提高养老院的标准，但检查人员对普遍存在的马虎或不存在的洗手现象仍然感到沮丧。

我们必须在洗手方面做得更好，”医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心养老院部主任埃文·舒尔曼在2018年对养老院主任协会说。

The coronavirus has demonstrated its potential lethality among the old and frail in Kirkland.

As many as 3.

8 million infections occur in nursing homes each year, killing nearly 388.

000 residents.

冠状病毒已经在柯克兰的老弱病残人群中显示出了潜在的致命性。

每年在在疗养院有多达380万例感染发生，造成近38.

8万居民死亡。

Dr.

David Gifford, the chief medical officer for the American Health Care Association, the primary nursing home trade group, told reporters Monday that these facilities were ready to deal with coronavirus infections through the prevention plans they have in place.

"We prepare for seasonal influenza every year — it's very similar to that," he said.

美国卫生保健协会的首席医疗官戴维·吉福德周一对记者说，这些机构已经准备好通过现有的预防计划应对冠状病毒感染。

美国卫生保健协会是美国主要的养老院行业组织。

他说:我们每年都要为季节性流感做准备。

"We are reinforcing the information for basic procedures for how to prevent the spread," he added, such as keeping infected residents away from others and having sick employees stay home.

他还说：我们正在加强有关如何防止病毒传播的基本程序的信息，例如让感染者远离他人，让生病的员工待在家里。

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