Whether people recovering from coronavirus have acquired immunity从冠状病毒中恢复的人是否获得了免疫力It's unclear whether people who recover from COVID-19 will be immune to reinfection from the coronavirus and, if so, how long that immunity will last.

目前还不清楚从COVID-19恢复的人是否对冠状病毒的再次感染有免疫力，如果有的话，这种免疫力能持续多久。

"We don't know very much," saysMatt Frieman, a coronavirus researcher at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore.

"I think there's a very likely scenario where the virus comes through this year, and everyone gets some level of immunity to it.

"巴尔的摩马里兰大学医学院冠状病毒研究员马特·弗里曼说：我们知道的不多。

”我认为，很有可能出现这样的情况：病毒今年会过去，每个人都会对它有一定程度的免疫力。

”"That is the hope," he adds.

"But there is no way to know that.

"这是一种希望，”他补充道。

但是没有办法知道。

”Researchers do know that reinfection is an issue with the four seasonal coronaviruses that cause about 10 to 30 percent of common colds.

These coronaviruses seem to be able to sicken people again and again, even though people have been exposed to them since childhood.

研究人员确实知道，四种季节性冠状病毒的再次感染是一个问题，导致大约10%到30%的普通感冒。

这些冠状病毒似乎能够使人一次又一次地患病，尽管人们从小就接触到它们。

"Almost everybody walking around, if you were to test their blood right now, they would have some levels of antibody to the four different coronaviruses that are known," saysAnn Falseyof the University of Rochester Medical Center.

罗彻斯特大学医学中心的安·法尔西说:几乎所有在街上行走的人，如果你现在检测他们的血液，你会发现他们对已知的四种不同的冠状病毒都有不同程度的抗体。

”After infection with one of these viruses, she says, antibodies are produced but then the levels slowly decline and people become susceptible again.

她说，在感染了其中一种病毒后，会产生抗体，但随后抗体水平会慢慢下降，人们再次变得容易感染。

"Most respiratory viruses only give you a period of relative protection.

I'm talking about a year or two.

That's what we know about the seasonal coronaviruses," says Falsey.

大多数呼吸道病毒只给你一段相对的保护期。

我说的是一两年。

这就是我们对季节性冠状病毒的了解，”法尔西说。

In studies, human volunteers who agreed to be experimentally inoculated with a seasonal coronavirusshowedthat even people with pre-existing antibodies could still get infected and have symptoms.

在研究中，同意接受季节性冠状病毒接种实验的人类志愿者表明，即使是已经有抗体的人也可能被感染并出现症状。

That happens even though these viruses aren't as changeable as influenza, which mutates so quickly that a new vaccine has to be developed every year.

即使这些病毒不像流感那样易变，也会发生这种情况。

流感的变异速度非常快，每年都要研发出一种新的疫苗。

"We work with some common cold coronaviruses.

We have samples from 30 years ago, strains that were saved from 30 years ago, and they're not appreciably different than the ones that are circulating now," says virologistVineet Menacheryof the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston.

我们研究一些普通的感冒冠状病毒。

我们有30年前的样本，30年前保存下来的毒株，它们与现在流通的毒株没有明显的不同，”加尔维斯顿德克萨斯大学医学分部的病毒学家维内特·梅纳赫里说。

Still, seasonal coronaviruses probably do mutate a bit over time to evade the body's defenses, says Frieman.

But there's little known about what those changes might look like, since researchers don't do annual surveillance of coronaviruses as they do for influenza.

不过，季节性冠状病毒可能会随着时间的推移发生一些变异，以逃避人体的防御，弗里曼说。

但是，由于研究人员不像对流感病毒那样对冠状病毒进行年度监测，人们对这些变化的情况知之甚少。

It's also possible that, for some reason, the body's immune response to seasonal coronaviruses is just not that robust or that something about the infection itself may inhibit the body's ability to develop long-term immunity.

也有可能，由于某种原因，人体对季节性冠状病毒的免疫反应不是那么强烈，或者是感染本身的某些因素可能会抑制人体形成长期免疫的能力。

"Maybe the antibodies are not protective and that is why, even though they are present, they don't work very well," says Frieman.

也许抗体并不能起到保护作用，这就是为什么即使它们存在，它们也不能很好地起作用，”弗里曼说。

The other known human coronaviruses, SARS and MERS, can cause more severe disease, and basically nothing is known about the possibility of reinfection with those viruses.

其他已知的人类冠状病毒，如非典和中东呼吸综合征，会导致更严重的疾病，基本上我们对这些病毒再次感染的可能性一无所知。

"We've gone back and gotten samples from patients who had SARS in 2003 and 2004.

and as of this year we can detect antibodies," saysStanley Perlmanof the University of Iowa.

"We think antibodies may be longer lasting than we first thought, but not in everybody.

"爱荷华大学的斯坦利·帕尔曼说：我们已经从2003年和2004年的SARS患者身上采集了样本，从今年起，我们可以检测出抗体。

”我们认为抗体的持续时间可能比我们最初想象的要长，但不是每个人都这样。

”Still, it's hard to predict how those survivors' bodies would react if they were exposed to the SARS virus again.

"There were 8.

000 cases, the epidemic was basically brought to an end within six months or eight months of the first case, so we don't have anyone who was reinfected that we know of," says Perlman.

然而，很难预测如果这些幸存者再次暴露在非典病毒下，他们的身体会有什么反应。

帕尔曼说:当时有8000个病例，疫情基本上在第一个病例出现后的6个月或8个月内就结束了，所以据我们所知，没有人再次被感染。

”Understanding the natural immune response to this virus is important for vaccine development, he notes.

他指出，了解这种病毒的自然免疫反应对疫苗的开发很重要。

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