由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.

由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体，在非正式文体中通常将介词放至句末。

如：This is the man to whom I referred.

我指的就是这个人。

This is the man (whom) I referred to.

我指的就是这个人。

2.

直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that，直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。

但若介词用于句末，则用作宾语的which, whom也可换成that, who，或者省略不同。

如：This is a subject about which we have talked a lot.

这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。

(which不能换成that，也不能省略)This is a subject which we have talked about a lot.

这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。

(which可以换成that，也可以省略)



3.

关系副词when, where, why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。

如： That is the day when [=on which] he was born.

那就是他出生的日子。

That is the house where [=in which] he lived.

那就是他住过的房子。

That is the reason why [=for which] he must apologize.

那就是他必须道歉的原因。

4.

在很正式的文体中，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。

如：在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。

正：There the children had a garden in which to play.

(很正式)正：There the children had a garden in which they could play.

(较正式)正：There the children had a garden to play in.

(较口语化)注：这类“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构中的介词不能没有，也不能放在句末。

如不能说There the children had a garden which to play in.

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