How to identify a tree by its bark如何根据树皮来鉴别一棵树(Photo: Aleksander Bolbot/Shutterstock)Glance at a tree and you no doubt first look at its leaves.

But you can also identify trees by looking at their bark.

At first glance, this protective outer coating of a tree's trunk and branches may seem like an unending sea of gray and brown.

However, when you look closely, you'll see variations in the colors and textures.

瞥一眼树，毫无疑问你首先会看到它的叶子。

但是你也可以通过观察树皮来识别树木。

乍一看，树干和树枝的这层保护层似乎全是灰色和棕色的。

然而，当你仔细观察，你会发现颜色和纹理的变化。

Smooth, unbroken bark树皮光滑、完整(Photo: Martien van Gaalen)Young trees sometimes have smooth bark that's unbroken by ridges.

Often this will change as the trees age, Wojtech says.

But a few species, like the American beech and the red maple, keep their smooth, unbroken bark throughout their lifespans.

幼树有时有光滑的树皮，树皮上有脊状突起。

沃伊特说，这通常会随着树木的老化而改变。

但有一些物种，如美洲山毛榉和红枫树，一直都保持着光滑、完整的树皮。

Bark peeling in horizontal strips树皮水平剥落(Photo: Julia Vorotinceva/Shutterstock)In some cases, Wojtech says, the trees' wood is growing faster than the bark surrounding it, so it pushes outward against the bark.

On some species, the pressure causes thin layers of the protective outer cork layer to separate and peel away.

In the paper birch, for example, these layers peel away in horizontal, curly strips.

沃伊特说，在某些情况下，树木的树干比周围的树皮生长得更快，所以它会向外挤压树皮。

在一些物种上，压力会导致保护外层软木的薄层分离和剥落。

例如，在纸桦树中，这些层以水平卷曲的条状剥落。

Lots of lenticels大量的皮孔(Photo: Amelia Martin/Shutterstock)Lenticels are pores that are important in the process of moving carbon dioxide and oxygen through a tree's protective outer bark.

All trees have them, but they're more visible on some species than others, according to Iowa State University Extension and Outreach.

皮孔是一种小孔，在二氧化碳和氧气通过树的保护层外皮的过程中非常重要。

根据爱荷华州立大学的推广和外展，所有的树木都有这种基因，但在某些物种上它们比其他物种更明显。

Lenticels come in many different shapes, sizes and even colors.

For example, Wojtech points out that they appear as dark, horizontal lines in the yellow birch and as diamond shapes in the young bigtooth aspen.

透镜有许多不同的形状、大小甚至颜色。

例如，Wojtech指出，它们在黄色桦树中呈现出深色的水平线，在年轻的大齿白杨中呈现出钻石形状。

Scales and plates鳞片和板状(Photo: Nacho Mena/Shutterstock)Instead of ridges, some trees have breaks in the rhytidome layers that appear more like plates or scales.

Many pine and spruce trees have scales of bark, while species like the black birch have thick, irregular plates on their trunks.

一些树的纹状穹隆层不是山脊状，而是断裂，看起来更像板或鳞片。

许多松树和云杉树都有树皮的鳞片，而像黑桦树这样的树种的树干上有厚而不规则的板。

Rainbow of colors彩虹般的颜色(Photo: Bradley D.

Saum/Shutterstock)It's not just the texture of the bark that helps identify the tree, but the color as well.

Although at first glance, trees may seem like an interchangeable mix of muted grays and browns, there's more to that forest rainbow.

不仅树皮的质地有助于识别树木，颜色也很重要。

虽然乍一看，树木似乎是柔和的灰色和棕色的混合体，但森林彩虹还有更多的含义。

As Hunker points out, "Beech trees have a light gray bark, and cherry trees have a red-brown bark.

Black walnut trees have very dark bark, while birch trees have white or silvery bark.

"亨克指出:山毛榉的树皮是浅灰色的，樱桃树的树皮是红棕色的。

黑胡桃树的树皮很黑，而桦树的树皮是白色或银色的。

”Unusual characteristics不寻常的特点(Photo: Josiah True/Shutterstock)Aside from ridges and lenticels, color and peeling layers, some tree species just have some strange things growing on their bark.

除了脊和皮孔，颜色和剥落层，一些树种只是有一些奇怪的东西生长在他们的树皮上。

For example, wild varieties of the honey locust tree have large, red thorns on the trunk and branches.

The thorns usually have three points, but can have many more, especially on the trunk.

They look like spines and can grow to be three inches long.

例如，野生品种的蜂蜜刺槐树的树干和树枝上都有大而红的刺。

刺通常有三个点，但可以有更多，特别是在树干上。

它们看起来像刺，可以长到3英寸长。

Smell test气味测试(Photo: ARSimonds/Shutterstock)One more way to identify a tree is by taking a whiff of its bark.

The National Park Service points out that you can recognize some trees by smelling their bark.

The Ponderosa pine, above, for example, smells like butterscotch or vanilla.

另外一种鉴别树的方法是闻一闻树皮的气味。

国家公园管理局指出，你可以通过闻树皮来认出一些树。

例如，上面的黄松闻起来像奶油糖果或香草。

Hunker says some other pine trees smell like turpentine, while yellow birch smells like wintergreen, and sassafras trees can smell like cinnamon and spice.

Hunker说，其他一些松树闻起来像松节油，而黄桦闻起来像冬青树，黄樟树闻起来像肉桂和香料。

So the next time you're out in nature, take a closer look at the trees around you.

You might see more details in the different tree barks than you ever have before.

所以下次你在大自然中，仔细看看你周围的树木。

你可能会在不同的树皮上看到比以前更多的细节。

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